There is no filter by period, only sorting is available. Possible to make
customization or you can try to find Filter plugins with range filters for
custom fields, there are many of them

Can you use your theme to create a page that filters the results with a specific time interval?

For example, I want to show vegetables on the website and filter according to those that are blooming and growing in a given period, and I want to mark time intervals for searching, e.g. vegetables that are fresh and blooming in a given period of the year.